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When you record sound using this format, the microphone you use causes the voltage in its cable to change rapidly as the mic’s diaphragm vibrates. These rapid changes in voltage are measured and recorded by an analog-to-digital converter, and these measurements make up what we call digital audio. To convert digital audio back into sound, a digital-to-analog converter uses the stored numbers to cause the voltage in a cable to change rapidly, and this voltage then moves the diaphragm in a loudspeaker in a similar way to the way that the microphone’s diaphragm moved originally (unless the numbers have been edited to produce a more desirable sound). These converters, commonly referred to as A to D or A/D, and D to A or D/A, are part of your computer’s sound card. Better sound cards usually keep their converters in a separate box that’s not in the computer itself, because the computer’s fan and disk drives add noise to the sound card’s signal.

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